Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Arteriovenous Malformation refers to an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain or spinal cord. This condition disrupts normal blood flow, potentially leading to various neurological symptoms and complications. While the exact cause of AVM is not yet fully understood, it is believed to develop during fetal development or appear later in life.
Symptoms of Arteriovenous Malformation
The symptoms of Arteriovenous Malformation can vary depending on the location, size, and extent of the abnormal blood vessels. Common symptoms may include:
Headaches: Frequent or severe headaches, often described as pulsating or throbbing.
Seizures: Unexplained seizures or episodes of uncontrolled movements.
Neurological deficits: Weakness, numbness, or tingling in specific body parts.
Cognitive changes: Memory problems, difficulties with concentration, or confusion.
Vision or hearing impairments: Blurred vision, double vision, or hearing difficulties.
Intracranial bleeding: AVMs can potentially rupture, leading to bleeding in the brain and resulting in a sudden and severe headache, neurological deficits, or loss of consciousness.
Causes of Arteriovenous Malformation
The exact causes of Arteriovenous Malformation are not fully understood. However, researchers believe that genetic factors, abnormal blood vessel development, or environmental factors may contribute to its formation. In some cases, AVMs may be present at birth, while others may develop later in life.
Treatment Options for Arteriovenous Malformation
The treatment of Arteriovenous Malformation depends on several factors, including the location, size, and associated symptoms. Treatment options may include:
Observation: Small, asymptomatic AVMs may be monitored closely without immediate intervention.
Medications: Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms, such as seizures or headaches.
Endovascular embolization: This minimally invasive procedure involves injecting a substance into the abnormal blood vessels to block or reduce blood flow.
Radiosurgery: High-energy radiation is precisely targeted to the AVM to cause the blood vessels to close off gradually over time.
Surgical resection: In some cases, open surgery may be performed to remove the AVM entirely. This option is typically reserved for accessible and low-risk AVMs.
